Coal power plant emissions fell by an impressive 11%, according to new EU data, but still accounted for 39% of total emissions. Dave Jones, electricity analyst of UK-based think tank Sandbag finds that the UK, Spain, Greece and Italy performed well last year,  but Germany and Poland did not. 7 out of 10 of Europe’s biggest polluters are German lignite stations. The carbon price in the ETS had no effect on emissions.
On 3 April, the European Commission published the preliminary 2016 emissions under the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS).  Sandbag has analysed the data, and we explain in 8 graphs below what you need to know.
Our main conclusions: Coal power plant emissions fell by an impressive 11% in 2016.  But emissions from Europe’s 280 coal power plants still accounted for 39% of total EU ETS emissions.  It is clear that phasing out coal in favour of renewables is the quickest and cheapest way to rapidly reduce ETS emissions, and policymakers must figure out how to make this happen.  A near-zero carbon price is doing nothing to help this.  The low carbon price is also stalling industrial decarbonization. In industry emissions have fallen by less than 1% in the last four years.
EU ETS emissions fell by 2.4% in 2016, in line with the recent trend
Total EU ETS stationary emissions fell by 2.4% in 2016, according to our analysis, from 1803 million tonnes in 2015 to 1759 million tonnes in 2016. Â The 2.4% fall in 2016 is almost exactly on-trend: EU ETS emissions have fallen on average by 2.6% every year from 2005 to 2016.
The 2.4% fall to 1759MT was in line with estimates.  Sandbag forecast 1754MT in January, in our report “Europe’s Power Sector Transition in 2016”.  The emissions data is 92% complete (over half the missing data is from EPH’s LEAG lignite plant in Germany). We accounted for this by using 2015 emissions where there was incomplete data (except for LEAG whose emissions we estimate fell by 2.5MT).
The aggressive fall in EU ETS emissions is because of falling power sector emissions
Power sector emissions fell by 4% in 2016, as coal generation plummeted by 11%.  Emissions at gas power plants rose, to replace dirtier coal. This was caused by coal power plants closing, and temporary coal-gas switching as the gas price became cheaper than coal.  The ETS carbon price did almost nothing: a €5/tonne carbon barely changed the relative coal-gas economics.   Since 2010, because of huge investment into renewable generation, overall power sector emissions have fallen by 19%, with coal emissions having fallen 16% and other power emissions having fallen by 24%.  More details on the power sector changes can be found in our report from January: “Europe’s Power Sector Transition in 2016”.
Industrial emissions, by comparison, have barely fallen for 4Â years now. Â They fell by 0.2% in 2016, and they are only 1% lower in 2016 than they were in 2012.
Coal power plant emissions fell by 11% in 2016
European coal power plants emissions fell by 11% in 2016. Â Almost half the fall was from the UK, with a massive 58% year-on-year fall in coal emissions. Â Big falls were also recorded in Spain (-27%), Greece (-21%) and Italy (-17%).
The biggest two coal polluters saw the smallest reductions: German coal power plant emissions fell only 4%, and Poland’s emissions fell by only 1%.  Even since 2010, the movements have been small: -5% for Germany and -7% for Poland.
The fall in coal power plant emissions was led by the UK, with a 58% fall
The UK saw its coal power plant emissions collapse by 58% in 2016, and down 71% since 2010.  Nearly every UK coal power plant has seen its generation collapse.  The only two coal plants that haven’t seen a significant fall are Aberthaw (despite the European Court of Justice decision over illegal levels of NOx emissions), and Northern Ireland’s Kilroot (which is not covered by Great Britain’s coal phase-out agreement).
But coal power plants still account for 39% of total EU ETS emissions
Just 280 coal power plants, out of 13,000 installations in the EU ETS, were responsible for 39% of total ETS emissions in 2016. Policymakers must prioritise driving rapid emissions reductions from coal power plants – the alternatives are known, and are cheaper than ever.
The UK has shown how much coal emissions can make an impact.  Coal emissions were 54% of the UK’s ETS emissions in 2012, and by 2016 have fallen to only 18% of its ETS emissions.
The importance of coal power plants is very different in every country. This graph shows what percentage of ETS emissions come from coal power plants.
Still… 7 out of 10 of Europe’s biggest polluters are now German lignite plants
As always, all top ten of the 13,000 polluters are either lignite or hard coal power plants. Â All of these top ten polluters have seen smaller-than-average emissions reductions, compared to the 11% fall for total European coal power plants.
That is because lignite power plants, especially in Germany, continue to run nearly 24 hours a day x 7 days a week.  The new owners of Vattenfall’s lignite plants – EPH’s LEAG – continue with their lack of transparency, by not yet publishing their 2016 emissions.  Their omission accounts for over half the missing data in today’s data release.
Falling emissions mean the EU ETS surplus is now over 3 billion tonnes
For the first time in 2016, the surplus – the cumulative cap minus cumulative emissions – has exceeded 3 billion tonnes.  Half of this surplus is available to the market, but the “invisible” Market Stability Reserve (MSR) surplus is rapidly growing, and now stands at 1500Mt.
And the gap between emissions and the ETS cap has risen to 11%
ETS emissions fell by 2.4% in 2016, and have fallen on average 2.7% since 2005. Â This compares to the cap falling by 1.74% in this phase, and no plans to increase the proposed 2.2% fall in the next phase.
This means emissions are now 11% below the cap, and this gap means the the cumulative surplus will continue to increase year on year.  Although the Commission’s proposals to reform the ETS will help (especially on doubling MSR rate, and on MSR cancellation), the underlying problem of the huge disconnect between the cap and emissions will remain in the future.  This is why Sandbag will still campaign to get the cap reduced, to be realigned with actual emissions.
Editor’s Note
This article was first published on the website of Sandbag here and is republished here with permission.
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Rok Pernuš says
So much on the Energiewende….meanwhile solar(PV) and wind is stuck at 20% of electricity mix, 4% of final energy demand and not even 3% of final energy demand…at highest electricity rate (apart from Denmark) in Europe and still one of the highest CO2 per capita emissions in Europe…If Germany would spent all those bilions in co-generation and energy efficiency instead in rather lame sub-optimal technologies, It could cut CO2 emissions by (at least) 30%, …Of course we need energy transition as well, but we still have to develop technologies that can make it happen…with 15% real life efficiency solar and wind without affordable long term storage, that’ll be a bit difficult…
onesecond says
Without compromising grid security and only a negligible raise of the wholesale power price, Germany could shutter 16 GW of coal plants right now in addition to the nuclear phaseout. This has nothing to do with technical feasibilities and everything with the coal lobby and its strong historical grown links to CDU and SPD, the main German parties that sadly still have a lot of backwarded coal friends in them.
Matthew James says
great article